Dr.Vikram Saraswat pathology labs

•Cytyc Corporation is a company engaged in the design, development, manufacture, and marketing of clinical products that focus on women’s health since 1987. In order to overcome limitations on conventional pap, the company introduced the ThinPrep Pap Test. In May 1996, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the USA approved the ThinPrep 2000( T 2000 ) as a replacement for the conventional Pap smear method in USA for use in screening for the presence of atypical cells, cervical cancer or its precursor lesions (Low Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions, High Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions), as well as all other cytologic categories .  dr.vikram saraswat |Saraswat Pathology in Agra •The heart of the ThinPrep® System is the ThinPrep 2000 Processor, a semi automated slide preparation unit that produces remarkably uniform thin-layer slides, virtually free of obscuring artifacts such as blood, mucous and inflammation.  Diagnosis, Diagnostics, and Efficient Treatment P...

•Simplifies the collection process for the smear taker •Reduces inadequate rate • Improves cellular preservation •All the collected cells are transferred to the vial •Quicker for the laboratory to screen and report as the area to be screened is smaller and circular. •Multiple slides can be produced allowing further testing or for teaching and Quality Assurance purposes • Residual material in the vial could be made available for associated tests e.g. HPV assay • Facilitates Computer Assisted Screening which may also be available in the future •Enhances screening processes by improving and standardising the service to the patient. dr.vikram saraswat |Saraswat Pathology in Agra Diagnosis, Diagnostics, and Efficient Treatment Plans,Pathologist. http://www.vikramsaraswat.co.in

•It is a method for preparing cytological specimens  http://www.drsaraswatpathlab.com  —in particular from the cervix—for microscopic evaluation in which the patient specimen is suspended in a liquid, which is used to produce a thin layer of cells.  Traditional Pap smears are conducted by physicians who use a spatula to collect cervical cells for analysis. A small sample of cells is lightly scraped from the cervix, placed on a microscope slide, and sent to a laboratory for staining and analysis by a cytologist . Unlike a traditional Pap smear, where the cells are placed directly on a microscope slide, in liquid based cytology the head of the spatula is detached and placed into a vial containing a preservative fluid. Most liquid preservatives for liquid based cytology are ethanol-based  Diagnosis, Diagnostics, and Efficient Treatment Plans,Pathologist. •Liquid based cytology has become increasingly more common in hospitals and clinics since the 1990s. The centrifu...

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• Inadequate samples constitute about 8% of the specimens received. • False-negative results as high as 20-30% have been reported, which occurred due to clumping of cells when the cells are not uniformly spread on the glass slide. • Sometimes, other contents of the cervical specimen such as blood, mucus, bacteria and yeasts contaminate the sample and prevent the detection of abnormal cells. • If exposed to air for too long before being fixed on the slide, cervical cells can become distorted. • Human error is probably the primary threat to accurate interpretation. An average Pap smear slide contains 50,000-300,000 cells that must be examined and if the sample contains only a few abnormal cells within a crowded background of healthy cells, the abnormal cells may be missed. • Due to limited capacity, long back-logs for reporting cervical cytology were often seen. An automated system was needed to improve screening productivity and reduce manual workload.

Recently ASCCP reported that combined use of cytology, colposcopy and histopathology secured the highest yield for detection of cervical neoplasia. A study conducted by the New South Wales Cervical Cancer Screening Society reported that due to routine screening  http://drvikramsaraswat.co.in  , cervical cancer death rates have been reduced by 74% between 1955 to 1992, and since then have continued to decline by 0.5% every year, making it the most successful cancer screening technique in history. BETHESDA SYSTEM 2001 2001 Bethesda System Terminology 40 • Specimen Type:  Indicate conventional smear (Pap smear) vs. liquid based vs. other Specimen Adequacy  dr.vikram saraswat |Saraswat Pathology in Agra • Satisfactory for evaluation (describe presence or absence of endocervical/transformation zone component and any other quality indicators, e.g., partially obscuring blood, inflammation, etc.) • Unsatisfactory for evaluation ... (specify reason) • ...